The Role of Sulfated Materials for Biodiesel Production from Cheap Raw Materials
نویسندگان
چکیده
There is an urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, yet date the decarbonization of transportation industry has been slow and particular difficulty. While fossil fuel replacements such as biodiesel may aid transition a less polluting society, production at industrial scales required currently heavily dependent on chemical catalysis. Conventional two-step homogenous routes require challenging separation catalyst from obtained product; however, heterogenous solid catalysts bring new considerations material stability, surface area, porosity, deactivation effects, reduced reactivities under mild conditions. Nanomaterials present attractive solution, offering high reactivity without complex recyclability issues. Slightly reactive, acidic sulfated nanomaterials also demonstrate greater stability feedstock impurity, extending lifetime improved versatility range starting feeds. remains, much work be done in demonstrating full-scale feasibility catalysts. This review explores recent developments over time nanocatalysis for production, with focus metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, silica-supported nanomaterials, carbon nanocatalysts. Included are various summaries current progress literature, well recommendations future research.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Catalysts
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2073-4344']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020223